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Related Concept Videos

What is Population Genetics?01:25

What is Population Genetics?

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A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
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Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
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Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
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Malignancies in Giant Cell Arteritis: A Population-based Cohort Study.

Pavlos Stamatis1,2, Carl Turesson3,4, Minna Willim3,4

  • 1From Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology, and Orthopaedics and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund; Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Section of Rheumatology, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. pavlos.stamatis@med.lu.se.

The Journal of Rheumatology
|June 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) patients show no overall increased cancer risk. However, a higher risk for leukemia and lower risks for breast and upper gastrointestinal cancers were observed in this study.

Keywords:
EPIDEMIOLOGYGIANT CELL ARTERITISHISTOPATHOLOGYNEOPLASIAVASCULITIS

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large-vessel vasculitis primarily affecting individuals over 50.
  • The potential association between GCA and cancer risk requires further investigation.
  • Understanding cancer risk in GCA patients is crucial for comprehensive patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the risk of developing cancer in patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA).
  • To compare cancer incidence in GCA patients to the general population using a defined Swedish cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 830 patients with biopsy-proven GCA was identified in southern Sweden (1997-2010).
  • Patient data were linked to the Swedish Cancer Registry for malignancy tracking.
  • Age- and sex-standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated, comparing GCA patients to the background population.

Main Results:

  • Overall cancer risk was not significantly increased in GCA patients (SIR 0.98).
  • A statistically significant increased risk for myeloid leukemia was observed (SIR 2.31).
  • A decreased risk for breast cancer (SIR 0.33) and upper gastrointestinal tract cancer (SIR 0.16) was noted.

Conclusions:

  • The overall cancer risk in patients with giant cell arteritis is comparable to the general population.
  • Specific cancer types, including leukemia, breast, and upper gastrointestinal cancers, show altered risk profiles in GCA patients.
  • These findings highlight the importance of monitoring specific malignancies in GCA patients.