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Related Concept Videos

Elements and Compounds01:27

Elements and Compounds

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
Elements
Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units. They are unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot break down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions. There...
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Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

Periodic Classification of the Elements

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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Classification of Elements and Compounds02:54

Classification of Elements and Compounds

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
Compounds are pure substances composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions. Compounds are classified as ionic or molecular (covalent) based on the bonds...
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The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison02:57

The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison

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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes02:31

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

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A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common name)...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Intravascular Ultrasound Image-Based Finite Element Modeling Approach for Quantifying In Vivo Mechanical Properties of Human Coronary Artery
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Intravascular Ultrasound Image-Based Finite Element Modeling Approach for Quantifying In Vivo Mechanical Properties of Human Coronary Artery

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New pressure sensing elements for FFR coronary catheter.

J Saarilahti1, D Gomes Martins1, A Kärkkäinen1

  • 1a VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , Espoo , Finland.

Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology
|June 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel coronary catheter with an integrated pressure sensor improves fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurements. This design enhances accuracy and allows the use of standard guide wires for better cardiac diagnostics.

Keywords:
ASICFFRMEMScoronary catheterpressure sensor

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Intravascular Ultrasound Image-Based Finite Element Modeling Approach for Quantifying In Vivo Mechanical Properties of Human Coronary Artery
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular medicine
  • Biomedical engineering
  • Medical device technology

Background:

  • Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is crucial for diagnosing coronary artery disease.
  • Current FFR catheters often require specialized guide wires, limiting flexibility.
  • Advancements in sensor technology are needed to improve FFR measurement accuracy and usability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a next-generation FFR coronary catheter with an integrated pressure sensor.
  • To enhance the accuracy, robustness, and ease of use of FFR measurements.
  • To enable the use of standard guide wires with FFR technology.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of a stable, ultrathin capacitive MEMS pressure sensor and ASIC circuit at the catheter tip.
  • Mounting sensor components on the catheter sidewall, independent of the guide wire.
  • Fabrication and testing of prototype catheter chips, comparing measured performance to simulations and specifications.

Main Results:

  • The new FFR catheter design successfully integrates a stable pressure sensor and AD conversion at the tip.
  • The ultrathin capacitive MEMS sensor demonstrates improved accuracy, robustness, and suitability for automated assembly.
  • Measured performance values closely matched simulated results, and test measurements exceeded FFR pressure sensing specifications.

Conclusions:

  • The developed FFR coronary catheter represents a significant advancement in cardiovascular diagnostic tools.
  • The integrated sensor design offers enhanced accuracy and compatibility with standard guide wires.
  • This technology promises to improve the clinical application and effectiveness of FFR measurements in cardiology.