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Related Concept Videos

Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
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The heart beats rhythmically in a sequence called the cardiac cycle—a rapid coordination of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).
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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
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Related Experiment Video

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A framework for biomechanics simulations using four-chamber cardiac models.

Arian Jafari1, Edward Pszczolkowski1, Adarsh Krishnamurthy1

  • 1Mechanical Engineering Department, Iowa State University, United States.

Journal of Biomechanics
|June 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel four-chamber computational cardiac model using advanced finite element methods. The model accurately simulates cardiac biomechanics and reveals a 20% reduction in heart work post-myocardial infarction.

Keywords:
Cardiac modelingCubic-hermite hexahedral elementsFinite element analysisFour-chamber human heart modelIsogeometric analysisMyocardial infarction

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Area of Science:

  • Computational mechanics
  • Cardiac biomechanics
  • Medical imaging and simulation

Background:

  • Finite-element analysis (FEA) is crucial for studying cardiac biomechanics, including stress and strain.
  • Cubic-Hermite meshes offer advantages in simulating complex cardiac geometries efficiently compared to linear tetrahedral meshes.
  • Previous models faced challenges in meshing complex heart geometries and applying physiological boundary conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a four-chamber computational cardiac model using cubic-Hermite elements for accurate biomechanical simulation.
  • To couple a 3D finite element model with a lumped circulation model for full cardiac cycle simulation.
  • To investigate the impact of acute myocardial infarction on cardiac pumping functionality.

Main Methods:

  • Creation of a four-chamber cardiac model with cubic-Hermite elements.
  • Coupling the 3D finite element model with a lumped circulation model.
  • Interpolation of myocardial fiber orientations using the Log-Euclidean method.
  • Application of physiologically equivalent rigid body constraints and validation with clinical data.

Main Results:

  • Successful simulation of a full cardiac cycle for healthy and infarcted hearts.
  • Quantified a 20% reduction in ventricular work immediately following acute myocardial infarction.
  • Demonstrated that myocardial wall displacements from the model align with patient data.

Conclusions:

  • The developed four-chamber model accurately captures in vivo heart motion using physiologically relevant boundary conditions.
  • This advanced modeling approach provides a robust tool for studying cardiac function and disease.
  • The findings highlight the potential of computational models in understanding myocardial infarction's impact on cardiac performance.