Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Stress-Enhanced Fear Learning, a Robust Rodent Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Published on: October 13, 2018
World Trade Center: A longitudinal case study for treating Post Traumatic Stress Disorder with Emotional Freedom
Gregory J Nicosia1, Lorna Minewiser2, Amanda Freger1
1Advanced Diagnostics PC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Background:
Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) and Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) have been empirically validated as effective psychotherapeutic interventions for treating Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This single subject design case study is of a survivor of the Twin Towers collapse who was treated for prolonged PTSD complicated by dissociated memories.
Objective:
EMDR and EFT's effectiveness in treating PTSD were evaluated.
Method:
Multiple assessments using Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI) and Personality combination with EMDR were conducted.
Results:
Effects of a single session of EFT assessed immediately after treatment demonstrated an elimination of clinically significant scores on both the TSI and PAI. The participant concluded treatment with nearly complete symptom remediation and a return to work.
Conclusion:
The combination of treatment methods appears to be highly effective and allowed this subject to return to work after many years of disability.
Related Concept Videos
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
Longitudinal Studies
Longitudinal Research
One-Degree-of-Freedom System
A one-degree-of-freedom system is defined by an independent variable that determines its state and behavior. One example of a one-degree-of-freedom system is a simple harmonic oscillator, such as a...
GPCR Desensitization
Degrees of Freedom
For example, suppose there are three unknown numbers whose mean is 10; although we can freely assign values to the first and second numbers, the value of the last number can not be arbitrarily assigned.

