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Evolutionary Perspective in Rickets and Vitamin D.

Ze'ev Hochberg1, Irit Hochberg2

  • 1Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|June 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin D, essential for immunity and bone health, is synthesized by sunlight. Modern lifestyles increase rickets risk, while obesity complicates vitamin D needs, requiring further research into dietary requirements.

Keywords:
MC1Revolutionricketsskin colorvitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Human physiology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Nutritional science

Background:

  • Modern lifestyles reduce sunlight exposure, leading to a resurgence in nutritional rickets.
  • Vitamin D is a crucial hormone synthesized in the skin upon UVB radiation exposure.
  • Evolutionary adaptations in vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes co-evolved with skin pigmentation for latitude adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolutionary and physiological roles of vitamin D.
  • To understand the interplay between sunlight, skin color, and vitamin D synthesis.
  • To investigate the impact of diet, adiposity, and modern lifestyle on vitamin D status.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evolutionary adaptations in VDR and skin color genes.
  • Analysis of historical dietary shifts and their impact on calcium and alkalinity.
  • Examination of the relationship between obesity, vitamin D status, and requirements.

Main Results:

  • Human migration out of Africa involved VDR gene sweeps co-adapting with skin color for UVB exposure.
  • UVB exposure balances vitamin D synthesis with folic acid degradation.
  • Vitamin D is vital for mineral homeostasis, innate immunity, and has non-skeletal functions.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D deficiency is linked to historical bone tuberculosis.
  • Dietary shifts, like milk consumption, altered calcium intake and diet alkalinity.
  • Obesity negatively impacts vitamin D status, necessitating research into adjusted requirements.