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Trichoderma as a Model to Study Effector-Like Molecules.

Claudia A Ramírez-Valdespino^1,2, Sergio Casas-Flores³, Vianey Olmedo-Monfil¹

¹División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.

Frontiers in Microbiology

|June 4, 2019

Summary

Plant-microbe interactions involve secreted effector molecules that modulate plant responses. This review highlights Trichoderma spp. effectors and their crucial role in beneficial plant-fungi symbiotic dialogues.

Keywords:

Trichoderma effector molecules effector proteins plant–microbe interactions secondary metabolites small RNA

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Area of Science:

Plant-microbe interactions
Molecular biology
Fungal genetics

Background:

Microorganisms secrete effector molecules to colonize plants, influencing plant defense and physiology.
Effectors, including proteins, metabolites, and RNAs, are key in both harmful (pathogenic) and beneficial (symbiotic) plant-microbe relationships.
While studied extensively in pathogens, symbiotic effectors, often from the same families, are gaining research attention.

Purpose of the Study:

To review key findings on effector molecules secreted by Trichoderma spp.
To elucidate the role of these effectors in plant-fungi interactions.
To focus on the molecular dialogue mediated by Trichoderma effectors during plant association.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on Trichoderma spp. and their effector molecules.
Analysis of research on effector functions in plant-microbe symbiosis.
Synthesis of current understanding of molecular dialogue in Trichoderma-plant interactions.

Main Results:

Trichoderma spp. utilize effector molecules to interact with plants, promoting growth and defense.
Many symbiotic effectors share families with those found in plant pathogens.
The quantity and ratio of secreted effectors are specific to the microorganism-host pair, indicating complex recognition mechanisms.

Conclusions:

Trichoderma effectors are critical mediators of beneficial plant-fungi symbiosis.
Understanding these effectors offers insights into manipulating plant-microbe dialogues for agricultural benefits.
Further research into effector functions can unlock novel strategies for sustainable agriculture.