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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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The Microbiome Mediates Environmental Effects on Aging.

Brett B Finlay1,2,3,4, Sven Pettersson1,5,6,7, Melissa K Melby1,8

  • 1Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), MaRS Centre, West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Suite 505, Toronto, M5G 1M1, ON, Canada.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The human gut microbiome significantly impacts organ function and aging, influenced by diet and age. Beneficial microbial effects in aged animals highlight a complex host-microbiome interaction crucial for healthspan.

Keywords:
FOXO transcription factorsbiosocial factorsholobiontinflammaginglongevitymicrobiomesmodel organisms

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Aging Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Human indigenous microbes influence organ functions in an age- and diet-dependent manner.
  • Age-related gut microbiota changes correlate with organ dysfunction, inflammation, and frailty.
  • Variability in microbiota exists among the elderly, including centenarians.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex interplay between the gut microbiome and host aging.
  • To understand the role of microbes and transcription factors in aging processes.
  • To investigate how biosocial factors and sex influence the microbiome's effect on health and aging.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of gut microbiota across different age groups and longevity hotspots.
  • Studies using model organisms to elucidate microbial and host factor interactions.
  • Investigation of transcription factors, such as forkhead box O, in aging.

Main Results:

  • Microbes exert age- and diet-dependent influences on organ functions.
  • Gut microbiota composition is linked to age-related decline and disease.
  • Model organism studies reveal beneficial microbial effects on aging and the role of specific transcription factors.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome is a critical interface mediating environmental influences on aging.
  • Microbial interactions with the host are complex and beneficial in aged states.
  • Sex and developmental stages modulate the microbiome's impact on health and longevity.