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Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals

Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete

Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete

The alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete involves natural siliceous minerals in aggregates reacting with alkaline hydroxides derived from cement alkalis. This reaction forms an alkali-silica gel that absorbs water, swells, and increases in volume, which is confined by the surrounding cement paste, creating internal pressures that crack and disrupt the concrete. The extent of expansion and damage can be partly attributed to the alkali-silica reaction's osmotic hydraulic pressure and the...

Bonding in Metals

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

Properties of Transition Metals

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.

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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Published on: September 5, 2014

Alkali Phosphonate Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Maria Maares¹, M Menaf Ayhan², Kai B Yu³

¹Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee-25, Berlin, 13355, Germany.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|June 4, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new alkali phosphonate metal-organic framework (MOF), GTUB-1, with high surface area and thermal stability. Its linker shows low toxicity, indicating potential for biological applications.

Keywords:

alkali-phosphonate metal-organic frameworks porphyrin thermal stability toxicology

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Inorganic Chemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer tunable porosity and diverse applications.
Phosphonate-based MOFs are an emerging class with unique properties.
Developing novel MOFs with enhanced stability and biocompatibility is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a new family of alkali phosphonate MOFs.
To investigate the structural, textural, and thermal properties of the synthesized MOF.
To evaluate the potential of the phosphonate linker for biological applications.

Main Methods:

Solvothermal synthesis of the alkali phosphonate MOF using a tetratopic porphyrin linker (H8-TPPA).
Characterization using techniques such as BET surface area analysis and thermal stability testing.
In vitro toxicity assessment of the H8-TPPA linker on an intestinal cell line.

Main Results:

Successful synthesis of a novel alkali phosphonate MOF, denoted as GTUB-1 ([Na2Cu(H4TPPA)]·(NH2(CH3)2)2).
GTUB-1 exhibits rectangular void channels and a BET surface area of 697 m²/g.
The MOF demonstrates exceptional thermal stability, and the H8-TPPA linker shows good biocompatibility with an intestinal cell line.

Conclusions:

A new class of alkali phosphonate MOFs has been established.
GTUB-1 presents promising characteristics for gas storage or separation applications.
The biocompatibility of the phosphonate linker suggests potential for developing MOFs for biomedical uses.