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Related Concept Videos

Design of Prismatic Beams for Bending01:23

Design of Prismatic Beams for Bending

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The design of prismatic beams, structural elements with a uniform cross-section, focuses on ensuring safety and structural integrity under load. The design process begins by determining the allowable stress, either from material properties tables, or by dividing the material's ultimate strength by a safety factor. This safety factor is essential for accommodating uncertainties, and varies depending on the material—timber, steel, or concrete—with each having unique strength and...
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Understanding stress on an oblique plane under axial loading is pivotal in material mechanics. This analysis offers insight into a material's durability and strength, which is crucial for civil engineering and structural design. Axial loading refers to force application along the material's central axis, causing compression or elongation and leading to normal stress. Normal stress occurs when a force acts perpendicularly to the material's area, resulting in compressive or tensile...
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Beams are integral components of structural engineering and construction, designed to support loads applied at various points along their length. These long, straight members can be classified based on geometry, cross-section, support type, and equilibrium condition.
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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters
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Terahertz beam focusing through designed oblique metal-slit array.

Takehito Suzuki, Masashi Sekiya, Hideaki Kitahara

    Applied Optics
    |June 4, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Artificial materials enable novel terahertz beam manipulation. Designed oblique metal-slit arrays act as lenses, focusing terahertz beams and enhancing electric fields via the Brewster phenomenon.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Metamaterials and Metasurfaces
    • Terahertz (THz) Technology

    Background:

    • Designing optical components with natural materials faces physical limitations.
    • Metamaterials and metasurfaces offer advanced solutions for sophisticated optical components.
    • Standard metal-slit arrays are insufficient for beam manipulation like lensing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the manipulation of terahertz beams using designed oblique metal-slit arrays.
    • To investigate the lensing effect and electric field enhancement in these artificial structures.
    • To explore the application of the Brewster phenomenon for improved optical component performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of metal plates with designed oblique angles to form a lens.

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  • Utilizing a convex output structure to achieve beam focusing.
  • Analyzing the refractive index dependence on the steep angle and correlating Brewster conditions with structural parameters (jagged edge, slit spacing, thickness).

    • Main Results:

    • The designed oblique metal-slit array functions as a terahertz beam lens.
    • A convex output structure successfully produces a focusing effect.
    • The Brewster phenomenon enhances electric field intensity at the focal point.

    Conclusions:

    • Oblique metal-slit arrays provide a novel method for terahertz beam manipulation and lensing.
    • The Brewster phenomenon offers a mechanism for electric field enhancement in optical components.
    • These findings are applicable to gain-enhancement optical components and perfect impedance-matching polarizers.