TISMorph: A tool to quantify texture, irregularity and spreading of single cells

A number of recent studies have shown that cell shape and cytoskeletal texture can be used as sensitive readouts of the physiological state of the cell. However, utilization of this information requires the development of quantitative measures that can describe relevant aspects of cell shape. In this paper we develop a toolbox, TISMorph, that calculates a set of quantitative measures to address this need. Some of the measures introduced here have been used previously, while others are new and have desirable properties for shape and texture quantification of cells. These measures, broadly classifiable into the categories of textural, irregularity and spreading measures, are tested by using them to discriminate between osteosarcoma cell lines treated with different cytoskeletal drugs. We find that even though specific classification tasks often rely on a few measures, these are not the same between all classification tasks, thus requiring the use of the entire suite of measures for classification and discrimination. We provide detailed descriptions of the measures, as well as the TISMorph package to implement them. Quantitative morphological measures that capture different aspects of cell morphology will help enhance large-scale image-based quantitative analysis, which is emerging as a new field of biological data.