Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study
Published on: August 15, 2016
Preclinical evidence of enhanced analgesic activity of duloxetine complexed with succinyl-β-cyclodextrin: A
Mimimorena Seggio1, Annalinda Contino1, Giuseppe Maccarrone1
1Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Abstract:
Chronic pain represents one of the most important public health problems, with a great prevalence of comorbidity with depression and cognitive decline. Antidepressants such as duloxetine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, represent an essential part of the therapeutic strategy for chronic pain management in addition to classical analgesics. Duloxetine is endowed with good efficacy and a good profile of safety and tolerability. Yet, duloxetine is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system 2D6 and 1A2 (CYP2D6 and CYP1A2) and it exhibits moderate inhibitory activity on CYP2D6, resulting in side effects and metabolic interactions that may occur on a long term therapeutic schedule. Cyclodextrins (CyDs) are used in pharmaceutical applications for numerous purposes, including the improvement of drug bioavailability. In order to evaluate their effects on the activity of duloxetine, we first spectrophotometrically studied the host-guest complexes obtained combining duloxetine and different β-CyD derivatives (β-CyD, β-CyDen-c-(Glu-Glu), and succinyl-β-CyD) and then performed in vivo and in vitro studies. Among duloxetine/CyDs complexes, succinyl-β-CyD ameliorated the analgesic activity of duloxetine in the tail flick test and in the formalin test in mice and significantly protected the drug from CYP2D6 metabolism.
Related Concept Videos
Protein Complex Assembly
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
Formation of Complex Ions
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order...
Complex Power
Complex power is defined as the multiplication of the voltage and the complex conjugate of the current. The magnitude of this power, known as apparent power, is measured in volt-amperes (VA). Notably, the angle of the complex power equates to the...
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

