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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Intrinsically disordered proteins are a group of proteins that do not fold into specific three-dimensional structures. Their structural flexibility allows them to complement ordered proteins to perform functions that are inaccessible to rigid structures. They are more common in eukaryotes than prokaryotes and may either be exclusively intrinsically disordered or hybrid proteins, consisting of a mix of ordered and disordered regions. The absence of a rigid structure in these proteins can be...
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Thyroid autoimmune disorders and cancer.

Silvia Martina Ferrari1, Poupak Fallahi2, Giusy Elia1

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

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|June 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid autoimmunity and inflammation are linked to increased thyroid cancer (TC) risk. Understanding these connections is crucial for developing targeted therapies for patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders and TC.

Keywords:
Autoimmune thyroid disordersGraves’ diseaseHashimoto’s thyroiditisImmunityThyroid cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid cancer (TC), particularly papillary TC, frequently occur together.
  • Growing incidence of TC parallels increased autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) diagnoses, suggesting a link.
  • Elevated TSH levels and thyroid autoimmunity are recognized independent risk factors for TC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the association between thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid cancer.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms linking inflammation and thyroid cancer development.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for TC in patients with AITD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro and in vivo studies.
  • Analysis of the role of inflammation and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment.
  • Investigation of molecular pathways involved in TC proliferation.

Main Results:

  • Inflammation and autoimmunity are implicated as risk factors for TC.
  • The tumor microenvironment involves complex interactions between immune cells, stromal components, and molecular regulators.
  • Pro-tumoral and anti-inflammatory effects within the tumor microenvironment influence cancer progression.

Conclusions:

  • The intricate relationship between thyroid autoimmunity and TC requires further investigation.
  • Understanding these mechanisms may lead to personalized treatment strategies for TC patients with AITD.