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Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer
Published on: November 2, 2013
Unbiased data analytic strategies to improve biomarker discovery in precision medicine
Saifur R Khan1, Yousef Manialawy1, Michael B Wheeler1
1Endocrine and Diabetes Platform, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3352, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Advanced Diagnostics, Metabolism, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Abstract:
Omics technologies promised improved biomarker discovery for precision medicine. The foremost problem of discovered biomarkers is irreproducibility between patient cohorts. From a data analytics perspective, the main reason for these failures is bias in statistical approaches and overfitting resulting from batch effects and confounding factors. The keys to reproducible biomarker discovery are: proper study design, unbiased data preprocessing and quality control analyses, and a knowledgeable application of statistics and machine learning algorithms. In this review, we discuss study design and analysis considerations and suggest standards from an expert point-of-view to promote unbiased decision-making in biomarker discovery in precision medicine.
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