Extreme and Topological Dissipative Solitons with Structured Matter and Structured Light.

Area of Science:

• Nonlinear Optics
• Condensed Matter Physics
• Nanophotonics

Background:

• Structuring matter with nanoobjects enables the creation of light bundles with extreme temporal and spatial characteristics.
• Structuring light allows for the formation of complex internal structures, with topology potentially used for information coding, analogous to genetic code in RNA.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review two approaches for structuring light and matter.
• To demonstrate the generation and characteristics of novel light bundles, including nanoscale dissipative solitons and topological solitons.
• To explore the potential applications of these structured light bundles in information coding.

Main Methods:

• Investigating the resonant interaction of linear molecular chains and organic films with laser radiation.
• Analyzing optical bistability, switching waves, and dissipative solitons in molecular J-aggregates.
• Examining theoretical approaches for multi-particle interactions and molecular correlations.
• Structuring light in large-size laser media with saturable amplification and absorption.
• Preparing initial field distributions with vortex lines to generate topological solitons.

Main Results:

• Demonstrated optical bistability, switching waves, and dissipative solitons in molecular systems, with sizes reaching the nanometer range.
• Identified various types of topological solitons in structured light fields.
• Presented parameter domains for soliton stability and their transformations under parameter variations.

Conclusions:

• The structuring of matter and light offers pathways to generate unique light bundles with potential for advanced applications.
• Nanoscale dissipative solitons and topological solitons represent promising candidates for novel information coding schemes.
• Further theoretical and experimental investigations are warranted to fully exploit the capabilities of structured light.