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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

195.1K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 24, 2026

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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Multiplexed promoterless gene expression with CRISPReader.

Hengji Zhan1,2, Qun Zhou1,2, Qunjun Gao1,2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Medical Reprogramming Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518035, China.

Genome Biology
|June 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPReader enables robust, promoterless gene expression control using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology. This novel system improves gene editing efficiency and resolves AAV packaging limitations for biomedical applications.

Keywords:
AAV vectorCRISPR-Cas9Promoterless gene expression

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Editing
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Genes utilize promoters and control elements for DNA code reading.
  • Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology facilitates novel gene control systems.
  • Existing systems often depend on native regulatory elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop CRISPReader, a technology for robustly controlling promoterless gene expression.
  • To demonstrate CRISPReader's efficiency in controlling transcription and translation initiation.
  • To create a compact, all-in-one Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-CRISPR-Cas9 system.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the CRISPReader technology for promoterless gene expression.
  • Application of CRISPReader to construct an all-in-one AAV-CRISPR-Cas9 system.
  • Removal of promoter-like elements from expression cassettes to address AAV packaging constraints.

Main Results:

  • CRISPReader efficiently controls transcription and translation initiation of transgenes.
  • The technology enables reading open reading frames without traditional regulatory elements.
  • The compact AAV-CRISPR-Cas9 system demonstrated superior efficiency in transactivation, DNA cleavage, and gene editing compared to dual-vector systems.
  • Successful targeting of reporter and endogenous genes in vitro and in vivo was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPReader offers a novel gene regulation approach.
  • Enables expression from minimal gene constructs.
  • Presents potential for significant biomedical applications.