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Standard Operating Procedure for Lyssavirus Surveillance of the Bat Population in Taiwan
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Fast-moving bat ears create informative Doppler shifts.

Xiaoyan Yin1,2, Rolf Müller3,2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|June 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Certain bats actively use ear movements to create Doppler shifts, encoding crucial environmental information. This previously unknown sensory mechanism enhances echolocation for navigation and hunting in complex habitats.

Keywords:
Doppler shiftsbiosonarear motionsnonlinear sensingtime-frequency signatures

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Area of Science:

  • Bioacoustics
  • Sensory Neuroscience
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Echolocating bats navigate complex environments using sound.
  • Information is transmitted via pulsed echo signals.
  • Bats must extract environmental data from these signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate if bats (rhinolophids and hipposiderids) create Doppler shifts with their ears.
  • Determine if these Doppler shifts encode sensory information.
  • Explore a potential new sensory mechanism in bats.

Main Methods:

  • Studied active pinna (ear) motions in echolocating bats.
  • Measured Doppler shifts produced by bat ear movements.
  • Used a biomimetic ear model to analyze signal reception.
  • Correlated Doppler shift signatures with target direction.

Main Results:

  • Bat ear motions generate significant Doppler shifts, exceeding perception thresholds.
  • Ear movements are oriented to maximize Doppler shifts from echoes.
  • Doppler-shifted signals reach the ear canal.
  • Time-frequency Doppler signatures encode target direction.

Conclusions:

  • Rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats actively generate Doppler shifts using their pinnae.
  • This represents a novel nonlinear mechanism for encoding sensory information.
  • This mechanism offers insights for sensory physiology and bio-inspired engineering.