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Related Concept Videos

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Viral Recombination

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Viral Structure00:56

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds
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Anti-Siglec-1 antibodies block Ebola viral uptake and decrease cytoplasmic viral entry.

Daniel Perez-Zsolt1,2, Itziar Erkizia1, Maria Pino1

  • 1IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.

Nature Microbiology
|June 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ebola virus enters dendritic cells via Siglec-1 (CD169) receptors. Blocking this receptor with antibodies stops viral entry and offers protection against other viruses like HIV-1.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Ebola viruses cause lethal hemorrhagic fever, with current therapies targeting only Zaire Ebola virus.
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are key targets for Ebola virus infection in vivo.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of Ebola virus entry into activated dendritic cells.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for broad-spectrum antiviral strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized monoclonal antibodies to block the Siglec-1 receptor.
  • Observed the effect of Siglec-1 blockade on Ebola virus uptake and entry into dendritic cells.

Main Results:

  • Ebola virus entry into activated DCs requires Siglec-1 (CD169), which binds to viral membrane gangliosides.
  • Blocking Siglec-1 with monoclonal antibodies effectively halted Ebola virus uptake and cytoplasmic entry.
  • This blockade provided cross-protection against other ganglioside-containing viruses, including HIV-1.

Conclusions:

  • Siglec-1 is a critical host receptor for Ebola virus entry into dendritic cells.
  • Targeting Siglec-1 presents a promising strategy for developing cross-protective antiviral therapies against Ebola and other related viruses.