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SIFTING FOR SAPPHIRES: SYSTEMATIC SELECTION OF TIDAL DISRUPTION EVENTS IN iPTF.

T Hung1, S Gezari1,2, S B Cenko2,3

  • 1Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

The Astrophysical Journal. Supplement Series
|June 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers systematically searched for tidal disruption events (TDEs) using the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) experiment. They developed criteria to distinguish TDEs from supernovae and active galactic nuclei, enabling efficient TDE candidate selection.

Keywords:
accretionaccretion disksblack hole physicsgalaxies: nucleiultraviolet: general

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Area of Science:

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
  • Transient Astronomical Events
  • Galactic Nuclei Studies

Background:

  • Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are rare phenomena where a star is destroyed by a supermassive black hole.
  • Efficiently identifying TDEs is crucial for understanding black hole demographics and galaxy evolution.
  • Previous surveys faced challenges in distinguishing TDEs from other transient nuclear events like supernovae and active galactic nuclei.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically select and classify optical transients as potential tidal disruption events (TDEs).
  • To establish robust photometric and astrometric criteria for filtering TDE candidates.
  • To measure the rate of TDEs per galaxy per year.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a wide-area survey using the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) in the g and R bands.
  • Applied stringent optical photometric selection criteria to identify bright, blue transients in red galaxies.
  • Utilized follow-up UV imaging (Swift Telescope), optical spectroscopy, and light curve fitting for classification.

Main Results:

  • From 493 nuclear transients, a sample of 26 was selected, yielding 14 Type Ia supernovae, 9 active galactic nuclei, 2 confirmed TDEs, and 1 potential core-collapse supernova.
  • Demonstrated that stringent color cuts (g-r < -0.2 mag) and UV imaging are effective in filtering out active galactic nuclei and supernovae.
  • Achieved a TDE per galaxy rate of 1.7 x 10^-4 gal^-1 yr^-1 (90% CL), with a 4.5:1 contamination rate using the most stringent optical selection.

Conclusions:

  • The developed selection strategy effectively reduces contamination, enabling manageable spectroscopic follow-up for TDE candidates in the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) era.
  • UV imaging is the most reliable discriminator for filtering supernovae, while precise astrometry can aid in optical selection when UV data is unavailable.
  • The measured TDE rate provides a lower limit, as TDEs outside the selection criteria are not accounted for, highlighting the need for further population studies.