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Consider two children sitting on a seesaw, which has negligible mass. The first child has a mass (m1) of 26 kg and sits at point A, which is 1.6 meters (r1) from the pivot point B; the second child has a mass (m2) of 32 kg and sits at point C. How far from the pivot point B should the second child sit (r2) to balance the seesaw?
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Modified Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Patients with Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity
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[Pedicle subtraction osteotomy to correct rigid deformities].

L Viezens1, S Sehmisch2, W Lehmann2

  • 1Klinik für Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie und Plastische Chirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075, Göttingen, Deutschland. lennart.viezens@med.uni-goettingen.de.

Operative Orthopadie Und Traumatologie
|June 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This surgery restores sagittal profile for patients with spinopelvic mismatch and severe symptoms. Discuss potential complications, as pedicle subtraction osteotomy has a high complication rate.

Keywords:
Pedicle screwsPostoperative complicationsRevision surgerySpineVertebral body

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Area of Science:

  • Spine surgery
  • Orthopedics
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Sagittal imbalance significantly impacts patient quality of life.
  • Conservative treatments are often insufficient for severe cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To restore sagittal profile in patients with spinopelvic parameter mismatch.
  • To alleviate high patient suffering associated with spinal deformity.

Main Methods:

  • Dorsal approach involving resection of dorsal vertebral structures.
  • Osteotomy performed at the anterior edge of the spine.
  • Pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) is a key technique.

Main Results:

  • Pedicle subtraction osteotomy is a reliable method for treating sagittal imbalance.
  • Preoperative discussion of potential complications is crucial due to their high rate.

Conclusions:

  • PSO is effective for correcting sagittal imbalance.
  • Informed patient consent regarding complications is essential for successful outcomes.