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Whole brain failure is the global standard for determining death, but its conceptual basis remains debated. New neuroscience and philosophy highlight integrated body-brain systems, challenging exclusive reliance on neurological criteria for death determination.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Philosophy of Science
  • Medical Ethics

Background:

  • Whole brain failure is the current global standard for death determination.
  • The conceptual foundation for this criterion has faced historical debate and policy revisions.
  • Relating a unitary concept of death to organismal integration, particularly in humans, presents ongoing challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the conceptual challenges in defining death based on whole brain failure.
  • To examine how advances in neuroscience and philosophy of science inform the understanding of organismal integration.
  • To question the exclusive reliance on neurological criteria in death determination.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on neuroscience, consciousness, and personal identity.
  • Analysis of philosophical concepts related to organismal integration and dynamical systems.
  • Examination of policy and ethical debates surrounding death determination.

Main Results:

  • Advances in understanding higher human faculties (self, identity, consciousness) reveal complex integration.
  • Dynamical philosophy of science offers models of global integration between body and brain.
  • These integrated models present a challenge to solely neurological criteria for death.

Conclusions:

  • The exclusive reliance on neurological criteria for death determination is increasingly challenged by integrated body-brain models.
  • A more nuanced understanding of organismal integration is needed to inform death determination practices.
  • Future frameworks for death determination may need to incorporate broader concepts of global integration.