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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
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Type 2 diabetes: a multifaceted disease.

Ewan R Pearson1

  • 1Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK. e.z.pearson@dundee.ac.uk.

Diabetologia
|June 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying the specific causes of type 2 diabetes is crucial. Recognizing its diverse origins and subtypes improves treatment and patient management for this complex condition.

Keywords:
AetiologyClusteringComplex diseaseMonogenic diabetesPalette modelPathophysiologyReviewType 2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis often overlooks underlying causes.
  • T2D is a heterogeneous polygenic condition with varied aetiologies.
  • Identifying specific aetiologies like monogenic diabetes impacts treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding T2D heterogeneity.
  • To highlight methods for deconvoluting T2D aetiology.
  • To emphasize the clinical importance of T2D subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Measuring physiological variables (beta cell function, insulin resistance).
  • Utilizing partitioned polygenic scores.
  • Clustering T2D into distinct pathophysiological subgroups.

Main Results:

  • Recent developments recognize T2D heterogeneity.
  • Deconvoluting aetiology reveals distinct pathophysiological processes.
  • Evidence supports T2D clustering into subgroups.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding T2D aetiology is critical for patient management.
  • Recognizing T2D heterogeneity influences disease progression and treatment response.
  • Tailoring management based on aetiological components improves outcomes.