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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions
Published on: July 3, 2025
Zn-incorporation with graphene oxide on Ti substrates surface to improve osteogenic activity and inhibit bacterial
Bailong Tao1, Maowen Chen1, Chuanchuan Lin1
1Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
Abstract:
The poor osseointegration and postoperative bacterial infection are prominently responsible for the failure of titanium (Ti)-based implant in clinic. To address above issues, methacryloyl modified graphene oxide (GOMA) as zinc ions (Zn2+ ) reservoir and release platform was fabricated on the Ti substrates with cathode electrophoresis deposition (EPD). Afterward, phenylboronic acid (PBA) functionalization methacryloyl-gelatin (GelMA-PBA) was reacting with GOMA through in situ free-radical polymerization to prepare GO-Zn/GelMA-PBA coating. The obtained coating was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Zn ions release property, respectively. in vitro cellular experiments including cell activity, alkaline phosphatase, collagen secretion, extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization, osteogenic genes and proteins, revealed that GO-Zn/GelMA-PBA coating was beneficial for enhancing the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts. The positive results were related to the existence of gelatin, formation of boronic ester between PBA groups, and carbohydrates of osteoblasts surface. Meanwhile, antibacterial assay against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa confirmed that GO-Zn/GelMA-PBA coating on Ti substrates had superior antibacterial capacity, availably inhibited the bacterial adhesion, and prevented formation of biofilm. Hence, the study provides a promising strategy for designing pro-osteogenesis and antibacterial coating on Ti substrates for orthopedic applications.
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