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A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Identification and Protection of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy
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Identification and Protection of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy

Published on: October 24, 2025

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Robotic Thyroidectomy Decreases Postoperative Pain Compared With Conventional Thyroidectomy.

Min Kyoung Kim1, Hyun Kang1, Geun Joo Choi1

  • 1Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine.

Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques
|June 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Bilateral axillo-breast approach robotic thyroidectomy (BABA RT) resulted in less postoperative pain on day 0 compared to open thyroidectomy (OT). Nausea severity was also reduced with BABA RT, despite longer operative times.

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Oncology
  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Open thyroidectomy (OT) is a standard surgical procedure.
  • Robotic thyroidectomy (RT) offers potential advantages in minimally invasive approaches.
  • Comparing pain outcomes between OT and RT is crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare postoperative pain and associated symptoms between open thyroidectomy and bilateral axillo-breast approach robotic thyroidectomy.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of BABA RT in reducing patient discomfort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1269 patients undergoing OT or BABA RT.
  • Propensity score matching created comparable groups (n=86 each).
  • Pain assessed using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS).

Main Results:

  • Lower VAS pain scores on postoperative day 0 observed in the BABA RT group (2.28±0.95) versus the OT group (2.57±0.95).
  • No significant differences in rescue analgesic use.
  • Nausea severity and antiemetic use did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusions:

  • BABA RT is associated with reduced postoperative pain on day 0 compared to OT.
  • Despite longer operative times and extensive dissection for robotic docking, BABA RT demonstrated favorable pain profiles.
  • Further research may explore long-term pain trajectories and patient-reported outcomes.