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Response Time Reduction Due to Retesting in Mental Speed Tests: A Meta-Analysis
Jana Scharfen1, Diego Blum2, Heinz Holling3
1Institute of Psychology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany. jana.scharfen@uni-muenster.de.
Journal of Intelligence
|June 5, 2019
Summary
Retesting cognitive ability tests significantly reduces response times (RTs), especially with more administrations. This effect is more pronounced in complex tasks, highlighting the need to consider retest effects in research and practice.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive psychology
- Psychometrics
- Human factors
Background:
- Retest effects in cognitive testing are well-documented, primarily focusing on score improvements.
- Little meta-analytic research exists on response time (RT) reductions due to retesting.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify retest effects on response times (RTs) in mental speed tasks.
- To analyze how the number of test administrations influences RT reduction.
Main Methods:
- A multilevel meta-analysis of 36 studies with 21,810 participants.
- Analyzed RT outcomes from mental speed tasks across up to four test administrations.
Main Results:
- Significant RT reductions were observed with repeated testing, increasing with each administration.
- More complex mental speed tasks showed larger RT reductions.
- Age and test-retest interval did not significantly moderate the RT reduction effect.
Conclusions:
- Retest effects demonstrably reduce response times in mental speed tasks.
- These RT reductions increase with repeated testing and are more substantial in complex tasks.
- Findings necessitate greater consideration of retest effects in cognitive research and applied settings.
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