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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Concrete in large quantities can be pumped across long distances for placing in inaccessible sites. This system comprises a hopper that receives concrete from a mixer, a pump to propel the concrete, and pipelines that facilitate its delivery.
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Refrigerators or heat pumps are heat engines operating in a reverse direction. For a refrigerator, the focus is on removing heat from a specific area, whereas, for a heat pump, the focus is on dumping heat into one particular area. A refrigerator (or heat pump) absorbs heat Qc from the cold reservoir at Kelvin temperature Tc and discards heat Qh to the hot reservoir at Kelvin temperature Th, while work W is done on the engine’s working substance.
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Canine Intestinal Organoids in a Dual-Chamber Permeable Support System
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New versatile dual-support pediatric heart pump.

Carson Fox1, Harutyun Sarkisyan1, Randy Stevens2

  • 1BioCirc Research Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

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|June 5, 2019
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Summary

This study introduces an innovative dual blood pump for pediatric mechanical circulatory support (MCS). The advanced design, featuring axial and centrifugal pumps, shows promising performance for treating pediatric heart failure.

Keywords:
blood pumpmechanical circulatory assistancepediatric circulatory supportrotary blood pumptotal artificial heartventricular assist device

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Technology
  • Pediatric Cardiology

Background:

  • Pediatric mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices lag behind adult innovations.
  • Existing devices lack design versatility for pediatric heart failure and anatomical variations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an advanced, versatile MCS technology for pediatric patients.
  • To enhance a dual-pump system with improved axial and centrifugal pump components.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling of design iterations.
  • Prototype fabrication and performance testing.
  • Evaluation of pressure rise, shear stress, blood damage, and forces.

Main Results:

  • Axial pump: 1-112 mm Hg at 2-5 L/min (10,000-14,000 RPM).
  • Centrifugal pump: 1-184 mm Hg at 2-5 L/min (1750-3000 RPM).
  • Low shear stress (<490 Pa), blood damage (<0.5%), and forces (<5 N).

Conclusions:

  • The new dual-pump design reduces height while maintaining performance.
  • This technology shows potential for addressing unmet needs in pediatric MCS.
  • Further development is supported by repeatable and theoretically sound performance data.