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Related Concept Videos

Attachment01:20

Attachment

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Attachment is vital for infant development, as warm social interactions support growth and well-being. In a classic 1958 study by Harry Harlow, the significance of warmth and comfort in forming attachments was examined. Harlow separated newborn monkeys from their mothers and provided two artificial "mothers": one made of cold wire and the other covered in soft cloth. Despite the wire mother offering food, the infant monkeys preferred the comfort of the cloth mother, demonstrating that...
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Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
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Attachment Styles01:24

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Jeffrey Simpson's attachment theory suggests that early caregiver relationships shape lasting patterns of behavior and emotional regulation, known as attachment styles. These patterns are organized along two key dimensions: self-esteem and interpersonal trust. The intersection of these dimensions produces four primary attachment styles that typically persist throughout life and significantly influence how individuals form and maintain relationships.Secure Attachment StyleIndividuals with a...
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As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Rescue and Characterization of Recombinant Virus from a New World Zika Virus Infectious Clone
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Characterizing the cellular attachment receptor for Langat virus.

Raquel Rodrigues1, Katarina Danskog1, Anna K Överby1

  • 1Virology, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.

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|June 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) attachment to host cells depends on plasma membrane proteins, not glycans or glycolipids. This study identifies candidate receptors for TBEV and Langat virus (LGTV) entry.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) infections have risen globally over the past 30 years.
  • TBEV poses significant mortality risks (0.5-30%) and can cause permanent neurological damage, with no available therapeutics.
  • Understanding virus-cell interactions, specifically attachment and entry, is crucial for TBEV pathogenesis and tropism studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the cellular attachment receptor(s) for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) using Langat virus (LGTV) as a model.
  • To identify potential host cell factors involved in the initial stages of flavivirus infection.

Main Methods:

  • Surface molecule inhibition and cleavage assays on A549 cells.
  • Inhibition assays using peptide extracts from high LGTV-binding cells.
  • Transcriptomic analysis to identify candidate receptors.

Main Results:

  • LGTV attachment to host cells is mediated by plasma membrane proteins.
  • Glycans and glycolipids are not essential for LGTV attachment.
  • Evidence suggests LGTV may utilize different cellular attachment factors across various cell types.

Conclusions:

  • LGTV attachment relies on proteinaceous factors on the host cell surface.
  • This research provides a list of candidate attachment and entry receptors for TBEV and LGTV.
  • Findings offer a foundation for future studies to pinpoint specific TBEV and LGTV receptors.