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Selfish Mitonuclear Conflict.

Justin C Havird1, Evan S Forsythe2, Alissa M Williams2

  • 1Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|June 5, 2019
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Summary

Mitochondrial genomes can evolve selfishly, harming organism fitness. Uniparental inheritance, while suppressing this, can cause cytonuclear conflict and sexual antagonism, impacting eukaryotic evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondria, originating from ancient endosymbiosis, are crucial for eukaryotic life.
  • Mitochondrial genomes, despite coevolution, can conflict with the nuclear genome.
  • High copy numbers per cell allow 'selfish' mitochondrial genotypes to proliferate, potentially reducing organism fitness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in understanding selfish replication and sexual antagonism in mitochondrial genome evolution.
  • To explore mechanisms suppressing selfish genetic interactions.
  • To draw parallels with other organelles and bacterial endosymbionts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in evolutionary and genetic studies.
  • Comparative analysis of mitochondrial, plastid, and bacterial endosymbiont systems.
  • Examination of theoretical frameworks for cytonuclear conflict and sexual antagonism.

Main Results:

  • Uniparental inheritance may suppress selfish mitochondrial replication but can lead to cytonuclear conflict and 'mother's curse' phenomena.
  • Selfish genetic elements and sexual antagonism are widespread but often cryptic due to nuclear suppression.
  • Mechanisms suppressing these conflicts are diverse and lineage-specific across eukaryotes.

Conclusions:

  • Cytonuclear conflict is a significant, albeit variable, evolutionary force in eukaryotes.
  • Understanding these conflicts provides insights into the maintenance of mutualism and the evolution of sex determination.
  • Mitochondrial genome evolution is shaped by a complex interplay of cooperation and conflict.