A Tunable Graphene 0-90° Polarization Rotator Achieved by Sine Equation Voltage Adjustment

Polarization Manipulation has been widely used and plays a key role in wave propagation and information processing. Here, we introduce a polarization rotator in the terahertz range with a polarization conversion ratio up to 99.98% at 4.51 terahertz. It has a single graphene layer on top of the structure patterned by 45° tilted space elliptical rings. By changing the Fermi level from 0.3 ev to 0.7 ev of the graphene, we can turn the reflective light polarization direction between 0° to 90°withnearly unique magnitude. Surface currents theories and graphene characteristics clarify the relationship between polarization angle and Fermi level to be a sine equation adjusted voltage. We firstly put forward an equation to thetunable graphene changing the reflective light polarization angle. It can be widely used in measurement, optic communication, and biology. Besides, with nearly the unique reflective light in different directions, the rotator is designed into a novel radially polarization converter. The latter can be switched from radially polarized light to linearly polarized light, and vice versa, in the terahertz region.