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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Fabrication of 1-D Photonic Crystal Cavity on a Nanofiber Using Femtosecond Laser-induced Ablation
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Metallic photonic crystal-based sensor for cryogenic environments.

Timothy J Palinski, Gary W Hunter, Amogha Tadimety

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    PubMed
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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Metallic photonic crystal sensors with gold nanogratings show promise for sensitive biosensing in cryogenic environments. Their coupled plasmonic-photonic mode offers stable, in situ detection for astrobiology missions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Nanophotonics
    • Plasmonics
    • Biosensing

    Background:

    • Metallic photonic crystals (MPCs) integrate plasmonic nanogratings and photonic waveguides.
    • Lab-on-chip biosensing requires sensitive transducers for in situ analysis.
    • Astrobiology missions, particularly to icy moons, necessitate low-temperature sensing capabilities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design, characterize, and evaluate MPC structures as biosensors for cryogenic environments.
    • To investigate the effect of nanograting geometry and temperature on sensor performance.
    • To explore the potential of MPCs for astrobiology applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of three MPC sensor geometries with varying nanograting widths.
    • Experimental characterization of sensor performance from 300 K down to 180 K.
    • Analysis of plasmonic and coupled plasmonic-photonic resonance behavior under temperature changes.
    • Computational simulations to validate experimental findings.

    Main Results:

    • Wider nanogratings exhibited higher sensitivity to dielectric environment changes.
    • Plasmonic resonance intensity increased by ~13% at 180 K compared to 300 K.
    • The coupled plasmonic-photonic resonance showed high temperature stability (<5% variation).

    Conclusions:

    • The coupled plasmonic-photonic mode in MPCs is a promising transduction mechanism for wide-temperature-range biosensing.
    • These sensors are suitable for in situ, sensitive biosensing in extreme cold environments like outer solar system moons.
    • This work presents novel nanoplasmonic sensors designed for low-temperature operation.