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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Eye-tracking to Distinguish Comprehension-based and Oculomotor-based Regressive Eye Movements During Reading
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An eye-movement exploration into return-sweep targeting during reading.

Timothy J Slattery1, Martin R Vasilev2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, P104c Poole house, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, BH12 5BB, UK. tslattery@bournemouth.ac.uk.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|June 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Return-sweeps, essential eye movements for reading, were studied. Highlighting line-initial words reduced errors but did not affect reading speed or targeting accuracy, suggesting readers don't aim for word centers.

Keywords:
Bold textEye-movementsReadingReturn-sweepSaccade targeting

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Return-sweeps are crucial eye movements for reading, guiding the eyes between lines.
  • Existing research often overlooks return-sweeps, focusing on single-line reading paradigms.
  • Understanding return-sweep targeting is key to comprehending reading eye-movement control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the precise landing targets of return-sweeps during reading.
  • To examine the effect of highlighting line-initial words on return-sweep accuracy.
  • To determine if line-initial word length influences return-sweep targeting.

Main Methods:

  • Participants read two short stories, one with bolded line-initial words and one without.
  • Eye-movements were recorded using oculography during reading.
  • Oculomotor error, landing sites, fixation durations, and reading times were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Bolding line-initial words significantly reduced oculomotor errors in return-sweeps.
  • Return-sweep accuracy improved, with fewer corrective saccades needed.
  • Bolding did not impact fixation durations or overall reading time.
  • Line-initial word length did not affect return-sweep landing sites.

Conclusions:

  • Highlighting line-initial words improves return-sweep accuracy by reducing oculomotor errors.
  • Return-sweep targeting does not appear to be centered on line-initial words.
  • Eye-movement control during reading involves complex mechanisms beyond simple word targeting.