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Switching of BJT01:22

Switching of BJT

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Switching behavior in Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) is a fundamental aspect utilized in various electronic circuits, particularly for digital logic applications like switches and amplifiers. In a typical switching circuit, a BJT alternates between cut-off and saturation modes, corresponding to the "off" and "on" states, respectively, thus behaving like an ideal switch.
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Passive Filters01:27

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Passive filters are utilized to shape the frequency spectrum of signals across a diverse array of applications. These filters, using only passive elements like resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors (C), are capable of selectively allowing or blocking certain frequency ranges without the need for external power sources.
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Light-driven Molecular Motors on Surfaces for Single Molecular Imaging
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Light-driven molecular switch for reconfigurable spin filters.

Masayuki Suda1,2,3, Yuranan Thathong4, Vinich Promarak4,5

  • 1Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan. msuda@ims.ac.jp.

Nature Communications
|June 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel solid-state spin-filtering device using molecular motors that switch spin polarization with light or heat. Molecular flexibility is key for integrating these molecular machines into functional electronic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Machines and Switches
  • Solid-State Spintronics
  • Chiral-Induced Spin Selectivity

Background:

  • Artificial molecular switches and machines have advanced significantly, enabling directional molecular movements via external stimuli.
  • Overcrowded alkene-based molecular motors are particularly interesting for their chirality switching capabilities during rotation.
  • Integrating molecular switches into solid-state devices remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a solid-state device capable of switching spin polarization direction.
  • To utilize molecular motors for light-driven reconfigurable spin filtering.
  • To investigate the role of molecular flexibility in solid-state molecular machine devices.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a solid-state spin-filtering device incorporating overcrowded alkene-based molecular motors.
  • Utilizing light irradiation and thermal treatment to control molecular motor function.
  • Exploiting the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect for spin polarization control.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a solid-state device that switches spin polarization direction using light or thermal stimuli.
  • Showcased the chirality inversion of molecular motors as a mechanism for light-driven spin filtering via CISS.
  • Identified molecular-scale flexibility as essential for electrodes in solid-state devices employing molecular machines.

Conclusions:

  • The developed device offers a new approach to light-driven reconfigurable spin filtering in solid-state systems.
  • Molecular flexibility is a critical factor for the successful integration of molecular machines into functional electronic devices.
  • These findings pave the way for novel solid-state functionalities based on nanoscale molecular motions.