Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Heat Flow and Specific Heat01:12

Heat Flow and Specific Heat

6.7K
Heat is a type of energy transfer that is caused by a temperature difference, and it can change the temperature of an object. Since heat is a form of energy, its SI unit is the joule (J). Another common unit of energy often used for heat is the calorie (cal), which is defined as the energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C, specifically between 14.5 °C and 15.5 °C, since the energy needed shows a slight temperature dependence. Another commonly used unit is...
6.7K
Quantum Numbers02:43

Quantum Numbers

49.5K
It is said that the energy of an electron in an atom is quantized; that is, it can be equal only to certain specific values and can jump from one energy level to another but not transition smoothly or stay between these levels.
49.5K
2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

1.4K
Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
1.4K
Correlations02:20

Correlations

35.8K
Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other. We can measure correlation by calculating a statistic known as a correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to +1 that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between...
35.8K
Correlation and Causation01:27

Correlation and Causation

42.3K
Statistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. An indirect relationship of the variables signifies a correlation, while a direct relationship shows causation. If it is determined that no connection exists between the variables, then the correlation is a coincidence.
Correlation versus Causation
If the dependent variable increases or decreases when the independent variable increases, there is a positive or negative...
42.3K
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

56.8K
Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
56.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Strong-damping limit of quantum Brownian motion in a disordered environment.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Tightening the thermodynamic uncertainty relations with null-entropy events: What we learn when nothing happens.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Fundamental limits on nonequilibrium sensing.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Correlated quantum machines beyond the standard second law.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Experimental realization and synchronization of a quantum van der Pol oscillator.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Noise-induced quantum synchronization with entangled oscillations.

Nature communications·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Correlative Light- and Electron Microscopy Using Quantum Dot Nanoparticles
11:16

Correlative Light- and Electron Microscopy Using Quantum Dot Nanoparticles

Published on: August 7, 2016

10.2K

Reversing the direction of heat flow using quantum correlations.

Kaonan Micadei1,2, John P S Peterson3, Alexandre M Souza3

  • 1Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, 09210-580, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.

Nature Communications
|June 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Quantum correlations enable heat to flow from cold to hot systems, defying standard thermodynamic principles. This controlled reversal of heat flow highlights the interplay between quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and information theory.

More Related Videos

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

13.2K
Author Spotlight: High-Quality Quantum Dot Nanobeads for Sensitive Fluorescent Lateral Flow Immunoassays
07:13

Author Spotlight: High-Quality Quantum Dot Nanobeads for Sensitive Fluorescent Lateral Flow Immunoassays

Published on: June 28, 2024

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Correlative Light- and Electron Microscopy Using Quantum Dot Nanoparticles
11:16

Correlative Light- and Electron Microscopy Using Quantum Dot Nanoparticles

Published on: August 7, 2016

10.2K
Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

13.2K
Author Spotlight: High-Quality Quantum Dot Nanobeads for Sensitive Fluorescent Lateral Flow Immunoassays
07:13

Author Spotlight: High-Quality Quantum Dot Nanobeads for Sensitive Fluorescent Lateral Flow Immunoassays

Published on: June 28, 2024

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Quantum Information

Background:

  • Standard thermodynamics posits heat flows from hot to cold.
  • This principle assumes no initial correlations between systems.
  • Quantum systems can exhibit correlations not present in classical physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate the reversal of heat flow.
  • To investigate heat flow in quantum correlated systems.
  • To explore the interplay of quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and information theory.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) setup.
  • Prepared two quantum correlated spins-1/2 in local thermal states.
  • Quantified energy flow and information-theoretical quantities.

Main Results:

  • Observed spontaneous energy flow from a cold to a hot system.
  • Demonstrated heat flow reversal in quantum correlated systems.
  • Quantified the trade-off between correlations and entropy.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum correlations can reverse the direction of heat flow.
  • Heat flow is influenced by the interplay of quantum mechanics, thermodynamics, and information.
  • Provides a mechanism for controlling heat at the microscale.