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Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase
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Replication termination without a replication fork trap.

Elisa Galli1, Jean-Luc Ferat1,2, Jean-Michel Desfontaines1

  • 1Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Gif sur Yvette, France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial chromosomes typically use a replication fork trap system, but this study reveals its absence in Vibrio cholerae. Ectopic origins disrupt termination synchrony, showing forks progress until meeting opposing ones.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bacterial chromosomes feature a unique origin of bidirectional replication (oriC) and a terminus region.
  • Replication fork trap systems (Tus/ter and RTP/ter) enforce termination in model bacteria like E. coli and B. subtilis.
  • The oriC-terminus organization influences gene orientation and DNA-binding protein motifs for replication and segregation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of replication fork trap systems in bacteria.
  • To examine the termination mechanisms in Vibrio cholerae, a bacterium lacking such a system.
  • To understand the impact of ectopic origins on chromosome replication and termination synchrony.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis to determine the distribution of tus and rtp genes.
  • Marker frequency analysis in Vibrio cholerae using ectopic origins.
  • Analysis of chromosome segregation choreography.

Main Results:

  • The tus and rtp genes are found in only four bacterial clades, suggesting recent plasmid domestication of tus.
  • Vibrio cholerae lacks a functional replication fork trap system.
  • Ectopic origins in V. cholerae allow replication forks to progress until they meet opposing forks, disrupting termination synchrony.
  • Premature completion of primary chromosome replication does not alter terminus region segregation.

Conclusions:

  • Replication fork trap systems are not universal in bacteria, with Vibrio cholerae representing a significant exception.
  • The absence of a fork trap system allows for flexible replication termination strategies.
  • Chromosome replication and segregation are robust processes, adaptable to variations in termination mechanisms.