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Related Concept Videos

Elements and Compounds01:27

Elements and Compounds

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond.
Elements
Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units. They are unique forms of matter with specific chemical and physical properties that cannot break down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical reactions. There...
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Periodic Classification of the Elements04:00

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The periodic table arranges atoms based on increasing atomic number so that elements with the same chemical properties recur periodically. When their electron configurations are added to the table, a periodic recurrence of similar electron configurations in the outer shells of these elements is observed. Because they are in the outer shells of an atom, valence electrons play the most important role in chemical reactions. The outer electrons have the highest energy of the electrons in an atom...
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Classification of Elements and Compounds02:54

Classification of Elements and Compounds

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Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes02:31

Elements: Chemical Symbols and Isotopes

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A chemical symbol is an abbreviation used to indicate an element or an atom of an element. For example, the symbol for mercury is Hg. The same symbol is used to indicate one atom of mercury (microscopic domain) or to label a container of many atoms of the element mercury (macroscopic domain).
Some symbols are derived from the common English name of the element; others are abbreviations of the name in another language — Latin, Greek or German. For example, the symbol for aluminum (common name)...
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The Periodic Table and Organismal Elements00:57

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Studying Oxidative Stress Caused by the Mitis Group Streptococci in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Mobile Genetic Elements in Streptococci.

Miao Lu1, Tao Gong1, Anqi Zhang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.

Current Issues in Molecular Biology
|June 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in Streptococci bacteria facilitate horizontal gene transfer (HGT), contributing to the rise of antibiotic resistance. Understanding MGEs is crucial for combating infectious diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Streptococci are Gram-positive bacteria causing various diseases, including life-threatening invasive infections.
  • Increasing antibiotic resistance in bacteria poses a significant global health challenge.
  • Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mediated by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) is a primary driver of this resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in Streptococci.
  • To describe the structure and properties of MGEs relevant to HGT.
  • To highlight the role of MGEs in antibiotic resistance within Streptococci.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on MGEs in Streptococci.
  • Analysis of MGE structure and function related to DNA transfer.
  • Examination of MGEs' contribution to antibiotic resistance mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • MGEs, including transposons, integrons, plasmids, and bacteriophages, are key mediators of HGT in Streptococci.
  • These elements encode proteins that facilitate DNA movement, promoting the spread of resistance genes.
  • The presence and activity of MGEs are directly linked to the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in Streptococci.

Conclusions:

  • MGEs play a critical role in the evolution and spread of antibiotic resistance in Streptococci.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of MGEs is essential for developing strategies to combat antibiotic resistance.
  • Further research into MGEs in Streptococci is needed to address the growing threat of infectious diseases.