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Cervical Thymic Cyst Around Hypoglossal Nerve.

Fatma Atalay1, Ayhan Kars2, Mehmet Oğuz Kaan Önder3

  • 1Oltu State Hospital.

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|June 6, 2019
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Summary

A rare cervical thymic cyst presented as a neck mass in a child, initially misdiagnosed as a branchial cyst. Surgical removal confirmed the thymic cyst, highlighting its rarity and diagnostic challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Head and Neck Surgery
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Cervical thymic cysts are rare congenital anomalies presenting as neck masses.
  • These cysts can be misdiagnosed as other common neck lesions, complicating preoperative diagnosis.
  • Early identification and appropriate management are crucial for pediatric patients.

Observation:

  • A case report details a 16-month-old girl with a progressively enlarging right neck mass.
  • Initial diagnosis suggested a branchial cyst, but MRI revealed a cystic lesion near the submandibular gland.
  • The mass encased the hypoglossal nerve, necessitating careful surgical resection.

Findings:

  • Histopathologic examination confirmed the cervical mass as a thymic cyst, not a branchial cyst.
  • The surgical excision was complete, with no reported postoperative recurrence.
  • This case underscores the diagnostic difficulty of rare cervical thymic cysts.

Implications:

  • Cervical thymic cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric neck masses.
  • Accurate histopathologic examination is essential for definitive diagnosis.
  • Surgical excision remains the primary treatment, offering a favorable prognosis.