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Challenges in measuring angles between craniofacial structures.

Marilia Yatabe1, Liliane Gomes2, Antonio Carlos Ruellas1

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Measuring three-dimensional (3D) facial angles is reliable for surgical planning. Three methods for calculating 3D angles between craniofacial planes showed similar reproducibility and repeatability in virtual models.

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial surgery
  • Orthodontics
  • 3D imaging

Background:

  • Quantifying maxillary and mandibular discrepancies for surgical planning is challenging.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) angular measurements of craniofacial planes are crucial for accurate assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the reproducibility and reliability of two modules for measuring angles between planes or lines in 3D virtual surface models.
  • To evaluate different methods for 3D angular measurements in craniofacial surgical treatment planning.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty 3D virtual surface models from CBCT scans were analyzed.
  • Three observers performed angular measurements (pitch, roll, yaw) using pre-existing planes, landmark-created planes, or landmark-created lines.
  • Inter- and intra-observer reliability was assessed using the Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) coefficient.

Main Results:

  • All three methods yielded statistically similar, reproducible, and reliable angular measurements.
  • High intra-observer ICC (0.92–1.00) and inter-observer ICC (0.84–1.00) indicated strong agreement.

Conclusions:

  • 3D angular measurements of facial planes are reproducible and repeatable.
  • Methods involving pre-existing planes, landmark-created planes, or landmark-created lines are all suitable for 3D analysis in a common coordinate system.