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Plasma cell leukemia.

M A Kosmo1, R P Gale

  • 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Naval Hospital, San Diego, CA 92134.

Seminars in Hematology
|July 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma cell leukemia, a rare blood cancer, can be primary or secondary to multiple myeloma. Diagnosis relies on specific blood cell counts, with limited survival despite treatment options.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare hematologic malignancy.
  • It can arise de novo (primary PCL) or as a transformation of multiple myeloma (secondary PCL).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the diagnostic criteria, clinical features, and treatment considerations for plasma cell leukemia.
  • To differentiate between primary and secondary PCL and discuss prognostic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnostic criteria include laboratory findings such as plasmacytosis.
  • Clinical characteristics and treatment responses were compared between primary and secondary PCL.

Main Results:

  • Diagnosis requires >2 X 10(9)/L plasma cells or 20% of differential count; clonal proliferation is key.

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  • Primary PCL shows more lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly; secondary PCL has more lytic bone lesions.
  • Initial response to chemotherapy may be better in primary PCL, but resistance is common, with median survival under 6 months for both.

    • Conclusions:

    • Plasma cell leukemia is a challenging diagnosis with poor prognosis.
    • Intensive chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation are options for eligible patients, particularly younger individuals with primary PCL.