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Related Concept Videos

Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
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Imaging Studies II: Positron Emission Tomography and Scintigraphy01:25

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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique that provides crucial insights into the body's physiological functions at a molecular level. It is an indispensable resource for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring various illnesses, notably cancer, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular conditions.
Fundamental Principles of PET
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Emission Spectra02:39

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When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Computed Tomography01:10

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Automation of a Positron-emission Tomography PET Radiotracer Synthesis Protocol for Clinical Production
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Human Positron Emission Tomography Neuroimaging.

Jacob M Hooker1, Richard E Carson2

  • 1Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA;

Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering
|June 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Positron emission tomography (PET) enables powerful brain imaging for understanding neurobiology and disease. Recent advances in radiotracers and quantitative methods expand its applications in neuroscience and therapeutic development.

Keywords:
brainimagingpositron emission tomographyradiochemistryradiotracertracer kinetic modeling

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Radiochemistry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Positron emission tomography (PET) is a key technology for in vivo human brain research.
  • PET combines high-resolution scanners with targeted radioactive molecules to measure biological processes.
  • The field has seen rapid advancements in radiotracers and quantitative analysis over the last decade.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce human PET neuroimaging.
  • To discuss conceptual underpinnings and motivating questions in the field.
  • To highlight recent advances in radiotracer development, quantitative modeling, and brain applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on PET neuroimaging.
  • Discussion of radiotracer development and quantitative analytical techniques.
  • Exploration of PET applications in basic neurobiology, psychiatry, neurology, and drug development.

Main Results:

  • PET technology offers powerful insights into the living human brain.
  • Significant progress has been made in developing novel radiotracers.
  • Advanced quantitative modeling techniques enhance the precision of PET measurements.
  • Expanded applications of PET address fundamental questions in neuroscience and clinical research.

Conclusions:

  • Human PET neuroimaging is a rapidly evolving field with expanding capabilities.
  • Advances in radiotracers and quantitative methods are driving new discoveries.
  • PET plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of brain function, disease, and therapeutic development.