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Insect virus infections are influenced by microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate gene expression. This review covers miRNA biogenesis, gene regulation, and their roles in antiviral or provirus outcomes during insect infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Entomology

Background:

  • Gene expression regulation is crucial for insect-host interactions during viral infections.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, impacting infection outcomes.
  • miRNA activity occurs late in gene expression, enabling rapid control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review miRNA biogenesis in insects during viral infections.
  • To discuss miRNA-mediated gene expression regulation.
  • To explore the dual role of miRNAs in antiviral and provirus responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of miRNA biogenesis pathways.
  • Analysis of miRNA-mRNA interactions in insect-virus systems.
  • Discussion of regulatory mechanisms and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Both host and viral genomes produce miRNAs.
  • miRNAs fine-tune gene expression, influencing infection progression.
  • miRNA-mRNA interactions can lead to either resistance or susceptibility to viruses.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are critical players in insect antiviral defense and viral pathogenesis.
  • Understanding miRNA regulation provides insights into insect-virus dynamics.
  • Targeting miRNAs could offer novel strategies for controlling insect-borne viruses.