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A STRATIFIED CROSS-SECTIONAL CLUSTER MODEL SURVEY OF IODINE NUTRITION IN ARMENIA AFTER A DECADE OF UNIVERSAL SALT

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    Armenia's universal salt iodization (USI) strategy, launched in 2004, appears successful. Current iodine nutrition levels in school-age children and women are adequate, suggesting iodine deficiency is not a cause of ongoing goiter prevalence.

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health Nutrition
    • Endocrinology
    • Iodine Metabolism

    Background:

    • Iodine is crucial for thyroid hormone synthesis and human development.
    • Armenia implemented universal salt iodization (USI) in 2004 due to natural iodine deficiency.
    • Despite USI, high goiter rates persisted, necessitating updated iodine status assessment since 2005.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the current iodine nutrition status of the Armenian population.
    • To assess the effectiveness of the national universal salt iodization (USI) strategy.

    Main Methods:

    • A selective cross-sectional study was conducted across Armenian provinces.
    • Recruited participants included school-age children (SAC), pregnant women (PW), and women of reproductive age (WRA).
    • Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and table salt iodine levels were measured; repeat urine samples adjusted for variation.

    Main Results:

    • Median UICs were: SAC 242 μg/L, PW 226 μg/L, WRA 311 μg/L, indicating adequate iodine status.
    • 93.4% of household salt samples met the national standard for iodine content, confirming USI strategy success.
    • While not fully representative, results suggest iodine deficiency is not a factor in remaining goiter prevalence.

    Conclusions:

    • The Armenian universal salt iodization (USI) strategy has successfully maintained adequate population iodine nutrition.
    • Iodine deficiency is unlikely to be the cause of the high goiter prevalence reported in Armenia.
    • Further investigation into other factors contributing to goiter may be warranted.