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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Online Size-exclusion and Ion-exchange Chromatography on a SAXS Beamline
Published on: January 5, 2017
A linear gradient sequential injection chromatography method exploiting programmable fluidics for the determination
Parthena Chorti1, Melina Ntousikou1, Anastasios Economou1
1Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, 157 71, Greece.
Abstract:
This work describes a novel sequential injection chromatography (SIC) method combined with linear gradient elution for the separation and determination of three main methylxanthines (theobromine, theophylline and caffeine) using a short C18 monolithic column. The method utilizes a hybrid manifold which exploits zone fluidics for solution manipulation and programmable fluidics for the implementation of a two-solvent linear gradient elution protocol. This approach offers a high degree of automation and enables faster separation of the three target methylxanthines with respect to isocratic elution as well as better chromatographic efficiency. The limits of detection of the three methylxanthines ranged from 0.18 to 0.45 μmol L-1, the instrumental repeatability (at the 10 μmol L-1 level of the target compounds, n = 6) was ≤2% and the separation time was 3.3 min. The SIC method was validated and applied to the analysis of coffee, chocolate and tea samples.
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