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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern PAMP-Triggered Immunity PTI in Plants
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Plant Immunity: Thinking Outside and Inside the Box.

Aranka M van der Burgh1, Matthieu H A J Joosten1

  • 1Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Trends in Plant Science
|June 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Plant immunity models are updated to classify immune responses based on microbe recognition site (extracellular or intracellular). This spatial immunity model offers a clearer nomenclature for plant-microbe interactions.

Keywords:
danger signaleffector-triggered immunityextracellular immunogenic patternintracellular immunogenic patternpattern-triggered immunityplant immunityspatial immunity model

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Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Molecular biology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Coevolution models of plants and microbial pathogens are widely used.
  • Current models classify plant immune responses based on signal type or defense strength, but recent advances blur these distinctions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a new classification system for plant immune responses.
  • To redefine plant immunity based on the spatial location of microbe recognition.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular and biochemical advances in plant immunity.
  • Development of a 'spatial immunity model' based on microbe recognition site.

Main Results:

  • Existing dichotomies in plant immune response classification are shown to be blurred.
  • A new classification is proposed, dividing immunity into extracellular and intracellular recognition.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed spatial immunity model provides a more inclusive and distinguishing nomenclature.
  • This framework simplifies the description of plant immune signaling in plant-microbe interactions.