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Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients with Aneurysmal SAH: Impact on Delayed Cerebral Ischemia and Clinical Outcome. A
F Cagnazzo1, I Derraz2, P-H Lefevre2
1From the Neuroradiology Department (F.C., I.D., P.-H.L., G.G., C.D., C.R., A.B., V.C.), University Hospital Güi-de-Chauliac, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France f.cagnazzo86@gmail.com.
Insights
Antiplatelet therapy did not significantly reduce delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, it was associated with improved outcomes and lower mortality rates in SAH patients.
Area of Science:
- Neurosurgery
- Neurology
- Clinical Trials
Background:
- Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a major complication after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), significantly impacting patient outcomes.
- The role of antiplatelet therapy (APT) in mitigating DCI after SAH remains controversial, with existing studies reporting heterogeneous results.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically evaluate the efficacy of antiplatelet therapy in reducing the incidence of DCI and improving clinical outcomes in patients following aneurysmal SAH.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across three databases for studies published between 1990 and 2019.
- Random-effects meta-analysis was employed to synthesize data from eligible studies, comparing DCI rates, mortality, and good outcome rates between SAH patients with and without APT.
Main Results:
- The meta-analysis included 7 studies with 1060 patients receiving APT and 1762 controls. Overall, APT did not significantly decrease DCI rates (OR=0.781, P=.33).
- A trend towards lower DCI rates was observed in patients treated endovascularly with APT (OR=0.552, P=.06) and with long-term APT (>2 weeks) (OR=0.379, P=.06).
- Significantly higher good outcome rates (OR=1.368, P=.002) and lower mortality rates (OR=0.656, P=.01) were associated with APT use.
Conclusions:
- While overall DCI incidence was not significantly reduced by APT, trends suggest potential benefits in specific subgroups (endovascular treatment, long-term use).
- Antiplatelet therapy demonstrated a significant association with improved clinical outcomes and reduced mortality in patients with aneurysmal SAH.
Background And Purpose:
Delayed cerebral ischemia strongly impacts clinical outcome after aneurysmal SAH. The effect of antiplatelet therapy on delayed cerebral ischemia has been described with heterogeneous results. Our aim was to analyze the efficacy of antiplatelet therapy on delayed cerebral ischemia and clinical outcome in patients with SAH.
Data Sources:
A systematic search of 3 databases was performed for studies published from 1990 to 2019.
Study Selection:
According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we included studies comparing the rates of delayed cerebral ischemia and clinical outcomes among patients with SAH with and without antiplatelet therapy.
Data Analysis:
Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool the following: delayed cerebral ischemia, mortality, and good outcome rates.
Data Synthesis:
Including 7 studies, 1060 and 1762 patients with SAH were endovascularly or surgically treated with (cases) and without (controls) antiplatelet therapy, respectively. Overall, antiplatelet therapy did not significantly decrease delayed cerebral ischemia rates compared with the control group (219/1060 versus 485/1762, OR = 0.781; 95% CI, 0.46-1.31; P = .33). Among patients treated endovascularly, there was a trend toward lower delayed cerebral ischemia rates after antiplatelet therapy (157/778 versus 413/1410, OR = 0.552; 95% CI, 0.273-1.115; P = .06). Long-term (>2 weeks) antiplatelet therapy tended to be associated with a lower incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia (63/438 versus 96/353, OR = 0.379; 95% CI, 0.12-1.2; P = .06). The good-outcome rate was significantly higher (803/1144 versus 1175/1775, OR = 1.368; 95% CI, 1.117-1.676; P = .002) and the mortality rate was significantly lower (79/672 versus 97/571, OR = 0.656; 95% CI, 0.47-0.91; P = .01) among the antiplatelet therapy group.
Limitations:
Heterogeneity was high for most outcomes.
Conclusions:
Overall, the incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia seems not to be significantly reduced among the antiplatelet therapy group. However, delayed cerebral ischemia tended to be lower among subjects with both long-term antiplatelet therapy and endovascular treatment and antiplatelet administration. Poor outcome and mortality rates were significantly reduced among the antiplatelet therapy group.
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