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Organoids by design.

Takanori Takebe1,2,3,4, James M Wells1,3,5

  • 1Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. james.wells@cchmc.org takanori.takebe@cchmc.org.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organoid engineering aims to create complex, functional tissues by controlling cellular assembly and development. Future organoid designs will leverage engineering principles for precise control over tissue patterning, growth, and function.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Regenerative Medicine
  • Developmental Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Organoids are self-organizing 3D cultures mimicking organ structure and function, derived from stem cells or adult tissues.
  • Current organoid models exhibit varying complexity, from simple structures to disorganized tissues with diverse cell types.
  • A key challenge is engineering controlled cellular complexity for organized assembly and functional tissue development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss strategies for engineering advanced organoids with controlled cellular complexity and tissue function.
  • To explore how developmental biology insights inform the design of next-generation organoids.
  • To propose an engineering-based narrative design approach for precise control over organoid development.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging studies of embryonic organ assembly to guide organoid development.
  • Applying engineering principles to control key developmental processes: patterning, assembly, morphogenesis, growth, and function.
  • Designing organoids with multilayer tissue complexity and higher-order functions.

Main Results:

  • Development of organoids exhibiting multilayer tissue complexity.
  • Acquisition of higher-order functions in engineered organoids.
  • Demonstration of controlled assembly and organized tissue development.

Conclusions:

  • Next-generation organoids can be designed using an engineering-based narrative approach.
  • This approach enables precise control over organoid patterning, assembly, morphogenesis, growth, and function.
  • Future organoid engineering holds promise for advanced regenerative medicine and disease modeling.