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Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Smartphone Fundus Photography
Published on: July 6, 2017
Smartphone-Based, Rapid, Wide-Field Fundus Photography for Diagnosis of Pediatric Retinal Diseases
Tapan P Patel1, Tyson N Kim1, Gina Yu1
1University of Michigan, Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Insights
A new smartphone-based retinal imaging device offers a cost-effective, portable solution for pediatric eye exams. This technology enables rapid, well-tolerated fundus photography, improving access to essential vision care for children.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Medical Devices
- Pediatric Imaging
Background:
- Preventable childhood vision loss requires accessible retinal imaging.
- Current portable solutions for pediatric fundus photography are limited.
- A cost-effective, user-friendly device is needed for early detection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the feasibility of a novel smartphone-based retinal imaging device for pediatric fundus photography.
- To evaluate a device modified for child-friendly operation and enhanced image acquisition.
- To determine the diagnostic accuracy and patient tolerance of the device.
Main Methods:
- Modifications included child-friendly housing, attention targets, and video capabilities.
- Retinal photographs were taken during routine dilated eye exams in children.
- Masked specialists graded images, comparing diagnoses to the treating clinician's findings.
Main Results:
- Fundus photos were acquired in 43 children (mean age 6.7 years).
- Diagnoses included retinoblastoma, Coats' disease, and optic nerve hypoplasia.
- Image acquisition averaged 2.3 minutes, with high patient satisfaction (4.6/5) and 96% diagnostic agreement.
Conclusions:
- A handheld smartphone-based device facilitates wide-field fundus photography in pediatric patients.
- The device is well-tolerated and acquires images rapidly.
- This technology can lower barriers to ophthalmic care in underserved communities.
Purpose:
An important, unmet clinical need is for cost-effective, reliable, easy-to-use, and portable retinal photography to evaluate preventable causes of vision loss in children. This study presents the feasibility of a novel smartphone-based retinal imaging device tailored to imaging the pediatric fundus.
Methods:
Several modifications for children were made to our previous device, including a child-friendly 3D printed housing of animals, attention-grabbing targets, enhanced image stitching, and video-recording capabilities. Retinal photographs were obtained in children undergoing routine dilated eye examination. Experienced masked retina-specialist graders determined photograph quality and made diagnoses based on the images, which were compared to the treating clinician's diagnosis.
Results:
Dilated fundus photographs were acquired in 43 patients with a mean age of 6.7 years. The diagnoses included retinoblastoma, Coats' disease, commotio retinae, and optic nerve hypoplasia, among others. Mean time to acquire five standard photographs totaling 90-degree field of vision was 2.3 ± 1.1 minutes. Patients rated their experience of image acquisition favorably, with a Likert score of 4.6 ± 0.8 out of 5. There was 96% agreement between image-based diagnosis and the treating clinician's diagnosis.
Conclusions:
We report a handheld smartphone-based device with modifications tailored for wide-field fundus photography in pediatric patients that can rapidly acquire fundus photos while being well-tolerated.
Translational Relevance:
Advances in handheld smartphone-based fundus photography devices decrease the technical barrier for image acquisition in children and may potentially increase access to ophthalmic care in communities with limited resources.
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