Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

38.4K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
38.4K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

8.0K
8.0K
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

75.1K
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
75.1K
Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

10.6K
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
10.6K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.5K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.5K
Translation01:31

Translation

155.9K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
155.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

De Novo Discovery of Prenylated Macrocyclic Peptide Ligands.

Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)·2026
Same author

<i>De Novo</i> Boronic Acid-Containing Macrocyclic Peptides That Selectively Bind a Sialylated <i>N</i>-Glycan.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Post-Translational Aldehyde-Mediated Backbone Alkylation Enables Constrained α-Amino-γ-Lactam Motifs in mRNA Display.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

A RaPID Macrocyclic Peptide Inhibitor of ROR1/2 Strongly Reduces Proliferation of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Cells.

ACS chemical biology·2026
Same author

HBV HBx protein masks epigenetic reader Spindlin1 via an inter-molecular zinc finger to subvert transcriptional control.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Development and structure-guided characterization of a novel ACE2-binding macrocyclic peptide.

Journal of structural biology: X·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling
10:59

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling

Published on: May 19, 2014

18.8K

Optimizing aromatic oligoamide foldamer side-chains for ribosomal translation initiation.

Christos Tsiamantas1, Sunbum Kwon, Céline Douat

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. hsuga@chem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|June 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored how the ribosome translates helical aromatic oligoamide foldamers. Small cationic foldamer side-chains enabled the ribosome to produce more rigid foldamer-peptide hybrid sequences.

More Related Videos

Global Identification of Co-Translational Interaction Networks by Selective Ribosome Profiling
06:58

Global Identification of Co-Translational Interaction Networks by Selective Ribosome Profiling

Published on: October 7, 2021

3.0K
Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses
11:19

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

Published on: February 25, 2011

20.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling
10:59

Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling

Published on: May 19, 2014

18.8K
Global Identification of Co-Translational Interaction Networks by Selective Ribosome Profiling
06:58

Global Identification of Co-Translational Interaction Networks by Selective Ribosome Profiling

Published on: October 7, 2021

3.0K
Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses
11:19

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

Published on: February 25, 2011

20.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Ribosomal peptide translation is a fundamental biological process.
  • Foldamers are synthetic polymers that mimic proteins and can adopt defined structures.
  • Integrating foldamers into peptide synthesis presents challenges due to structural constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ribosomal translation tolerance of helical aromatic oligoamide foldamers.
  • To determine if foldamers can be used as initiators in ribosomal peptide synthesis.
  • To explore methods for expanding the range of accessible foldamer-peptide hybrid structures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing ribosomal peptide synthesis.
  • Appending helical aromatic oligoamide foldamers as initiators.
  • Employing small cationic foldamer side-chains.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that the ribosome can tolerate helical aromatic oligoamide foldamers as initiators.
  • Showed that small cationic foldamer side-chains expand the range of producible foldamer-peptide hybrids.
  • Confirmed the ability to synthesize more rigid foldamer-peptide sequences.

Conclusions:

  • Ribosomal peptide translation can accommodate specific foldamer structures as initiators.
  • Cationic foldamer side-chains are effective in enhancing the rigidity and diversity of synthesized foldamer-peptide hybrids.
  • This work expands the toolkit for creating novel biomaterials and therapeutics.