Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions02:54

Lewis Structures of Molecular Compounds and Polyatomic Ions

44.9K
To draw Lewis structures for complicated molecules and molecular ions, it is helpful to follow a step-by-step procedure as outlined:
44.9K
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

91.2K
The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
91.2K
Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

30.0K
Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
30.0K
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

46.1K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
46.1K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

25.8K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
25.8K
Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

Ions and Ionic Charges

78.8K
In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called...
78.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Genetically Encoded Calcium Ion Biosensor with an Exceptionally Large Ratiometric Response.

ACS sensors·2026
Same author

Monitoring in real time and far-red imaging of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> dynamics with subcellular resolution.

Nature chemical biology·2025
Same author

G Protein Inactivation as a Mechanism for Addiction Treatment.

Biological psychiatry·2025
Same author

G protein Inactivation as a Mechanism for Addiction Treatment.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Far-red and sensitive sensor for monitoring real time H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> dynamics with subcellular resolution and in multi-parametric imaging applications.

Research square·2024
Same author

Ultra-fast genetically encoded sensor for precise real-time monitoring of physiological and pathophysiological peroxide dynamics.

Research square·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings for Electrophysiological Determination of Ion Selectivity in Channelrhodopsins
08:39

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings for Electrophysiological Determination of Ion Selectivity in Channelrhodopsins

Published on: May 22, 2017

18.0K

Structural basis for ion selectivity and engineering in channelrhodopsins.

Michael Rappleye1, Andre Berndt1

  • 1University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.

Current Opinion in Structural Biology
|June 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New channelrhodopsin structures allow precise engineering for enhanced ion selectivity (Cl-, Ca2+, K+) and conductance. This advances neuroscience tools for controlling neuronal activity and physiological events.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Extracellular Ion Fluxes Using the Ion-selective Self-referencing Microelectrode Technique
09:18

Measurement of Extracellular Ion Fluxes Using the Ion-selective Self-referencing Microelectrode Technique

Published on: May 3, 2015

14.4K
Core/shell Printing Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Of Tubular Structures
05:52

Core/shell Printing Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Of Tubular Structures

Published on: September 27, 2019

9.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings for Electrophysiological Determination of Ion Selectivity in Channelrhodopsins
08:39

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings for Electrophysiological Determination of Ion Selectivity in Channelrhodopsins

Published on: May 22, 2017

18.0K
Measurement of Extracellular Ion Fluxes Using the Ion-selective Self-referencing Microelectrode Technique
09:18

Measurement of Extracellular Ion Fluxes Using the Ion-selective Self-referencing Microelectrode Technique

Published on: May 3, 2015

14.4K
Core/shell Printing Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Of Tubular Structures
05:52

Core/shell Printing Scaffolds For Tissue Engineering Of Tubular Structures

Published on: September 27, 2019

9.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Channelrhodopsins are crucial optogenetic tools for controlling neuronal activity.
  • Recent X-ray structures provide high-resolution insights into channelrhodopsin function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To guide engineering of channelrhodopsins for improved ion selectivity (Cl-, Ca2+, K+) and conductance.
  • To enhance the utility of channelrhodopsins in neuroscience and beyond.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of novel channelrhodopsin X-ray structures.
  • Comparative structural analysis with voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels.
  • Discussion of potential engineering strategies.

Main Results:

  • Structural insights enable targeted modifications of the ion conducting pathway.
  • Potential for engineering channelrhodopsins with tailored ion selectivity and conductance.

Conclusions:

  • Engineering based on structural data can expand channelrhodopsin applications.
  • Enhanced channelrhodopsins will offer greater control over diverse physiological processes.