Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running
Published on: July 17, 2020
Two-dimensional video analysis can discriminate differences in running kinematics between recreational runners with
Bart Dingenen1, Peter Malliaras2, Tessa Janssen1
1Reval Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Objectives:
To determine whether two-dimensional video analysis could discriminate running kinematics between recreational runners with and without a running-related knee injury.
Design:
Case-control.
Setting:
Research laboratory.
Participants:
Forty-two recreational runners (5 male-13 female injured; 7 male-17 female non-injured). Running-related knee injury was defined as the presence of anterior or lateral knee pain, resulting in altered running activity for at least one week.
Main Outcome Measures:
Foot and tibia inclination at initial contact, and lateral trunk position, contralateral pelvic drop, femoral adduction, hip adduction, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion at midstance were measured with two-dimensional video analysis during running. Participant characteristics (sex, age, body weight, body length, body mass index, running volume before injury, running speed) and two-dimensional measured angles were compared between groups.
Results:
No significant differences in participant characteristics between groups were identified (P > .05). The injured group ran with greater contralateral pelvic drop (P = .035), femoral adduction (P = .021) and hip adduction (P = .001) at midstance, and significantly smaller foot inclination at initial contact (P = .031).
Conclusion:
Two-dimensional video analysis can discriminate kinematics between runners with and without running-related knee injury. Greater contralateral pelvic drop, femoral adduction and hip adduction at midstance may provide running retraining targets for runners with running-related knee injury.
Related Concept Videos
Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II
For binary data, runs are identified using symbols such as + and −, or equivalently, 1s and 0s. In...
Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test I
The test works...
Dimensional Analysis
Conversion Factors and Dimensional Analysis
The unit...
Dimensional Analysis
In fluid mechanics, dimensional...
Dimensional Analysis
Dimensional analysis allows us to analyze and compare physical quantities on a...
Dimensional Analysis

