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Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

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The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Small Intestine01:15

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 23, 2026

Functional Assessment of Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier and Ion Permeability in Native Tissue by Ussing Chamber Technique
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Functional Assessment of Intestinal Tight Junction Barrier and Ion Permeability in Native Tissue by Ussing Chamber Technique

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Progress in Mycotoxins Affecting Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function.

Zhihua Ren1, Chaoyue Guo2, Shumin Yu3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China. zhihua_ren@126.com.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mycotoxins harm animals and humans by damaging the intestinal barrier. This review details how mycotoxins disrupt mechanical, chemical, immune, and biological intestinal functions.

Keywords:
intestinal barrierintestinal mucosamycotoxins

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Mycotoxins are prevalent in food and feed, posing risks to animal and human health.
  • The intestinal mucosa acts as a crucial barrier against pollutants, comprising mechanical, chemical, immune, and biological components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the detrimental effects of mycotoxins on the intestinal mucosal barrier.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which mycotoxins compromise intestinal barrier integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on mycotoxin impact on intestinal barrier.
  • Analysis of studies detailing mycotoxin interactions with intestinal epithelium, mucin, immune cells, and microbiota.

Main Results:

  • Mycotoxins disrupt the mechanical barrier by damaging intestinal epithelial morphology and integrity.
  • Mycotoxins alter mucin composition and expression, impairing its protective functions.
  • Mycotoxins compromise the intestinal immune barrier and interact with gut microbiota.

Conclusions:

  • Mycotoxins significantly impair all layers of the intestinal mucosal barrier.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for mitigating mycotoxin toxicity in animals and humans.