Faecal lysozyme: determination, reference intervals and some data in gastro-intestinal disease

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Clinical Diagnostics
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Accurate diagnosis and monitoring of gastrointestinal diseases are crucial for effective patient management.
• Existing diagnostic methods may have limitations in specificity or accessibility for certain conditions.
• Biomarkers in biological fluids offer potential for improved diagnostic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To establish a reproducible method for measuring lysozyme concentration in fecal samples.
• To evaluate the utility of fecal lysozyme concentration in differentiating between various gastrointestinal conditions.
• To assess the stability and distribution of lysozyme in fecal matter for diagnostic reliability.

Main Methods:

• Faecal samples were diluted with a Brij and saline solution.
• Faecal mixtures underwent ultrafiltration to obtain faecal fluids.
• Lysozyme concentration was measured using a reproducible turbidimetric method.

Main Results:

• Fecal lysozyme concentration can be reproducibly measured.
• Fecal lysozyme levels effectively discriminate between normal individuals, irritable bowel syndrome patients, inflammatory bowel disease patients, and those with colonic cancer.
• Lysozyme distribution in stools is homogeneous, and concentrations remain stable for at least one week when stored at 6°C.
• Lysozyme activity correlates directly with disease clinical status and severity.

Conclusions:

• Fecal lysozyme measurement is a reliable method for diagnosing and monitoring gastrointestinal diseases.
• This technique can aid in distinguishing between inflammatory bowel disease, colonic cancer, and other conditions.
• Fecal lysozyme serves as a valuable tool for gastroenterology out-patient clinics in diagnosis and follow-up.